Fig. 5. Intracellular ROS-scavenging activities of Jeju lava seawater-based crop extracts. Intracellular ROS were detected using the dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) method. ROS-induced DCF fluorescence in H2O2-treated Vero cells was compared with that in purified water and lava seawater. (A) Carrot, (B) Blueberry, and (C) Mandarin. DWE: distilled water extracts, LSE: lava seawater extracts. Data are presented as the mean ± SE. Lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.) indicate significant differences (p < 0.05)
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