Journal of
Plant BiotechnologyCommon priming techniques and the agents utilized in each case
| Priming Concept | Priming technique |
|---|---|
| Osmopriming/osmotic priming halopriming | Immersion of the seeds in an osmotic solution of water with a low potential, rather than pure water. Priming agents: Polyethylene glycol (PEG), mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, and inorganic salts, such as sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium nitrate (KNO3), potassium phosphate (K3PO4), and calcium chloride (CaCl2). |
| Solid matrix priming (SMP)/solid priming | The seeds are mixed with a solid matrix (organic or inorganic) capable of adjusting the moisture content and controlling the uptake of water. Priming agents: Vermiculite, peat moss, charcoal, sand, clay |
| Hormopriming | The seeds are soaked in water with plant growth regulators and hormones, leading to an enhancement of seed germination. Priming agents: Abscisic acid (ABA), auxins (AU), gibberellins (GAs), kinetin, ethylene, polyamines, and salicylic acid (SA). |
| Thermopriming | Pre-sowing seeds at different temperatures is referred to as thermopriming. Priming agent: Low temperatures or high temperatures. |
| Chemopriming | The seeds are soaked in different chemical solutions. Priming agents: Ascorbic acid, glutathione, tocopherol, melatonin, and proline, H2O2, sodium nitroprusside, urea, thiourea, mannose, chitosan, fungicides, etc. |
| Hydropriming/On-farm priming | The seeds are soaked in sterilized distilled water and then re-dried using air to their original case. Priming agent: Sterilized distilled water |
| Biopriming/biological seed treatment | A combination of seed hydration by soaking; then, the seeds can be inoculated with beneficial microbes. Priming agents: Beneficial microbes |