The need for planting materials for Coffea liberica has recently surged. Somatic embryogenesis was induced by culturing leaf explants on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium enhanced with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Thidiazuron (TDZ), and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The explants developed embryogenic calluses after 6 weeks of culture exclusively with a medium containing 0 mg/L BAP, 1 mg/L BAP, and a combination of 1 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L TDZ. The explants cultured on a medium containing 1 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, as well as 1 mg/L TDZ and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, demonstrated no callus formation and browning of the leaf disc. After 26 weeks of culture, most cultures across all treatments were compromised due to browning except for explants in a growth medium containing 1 mg/L BAP, of which 25% of clone MKL 10 (previously known as 224) survived and only 10% differentiated into somatic embryos (SEs) after 40 weeks of culture. The transformation of the cotyledonary embryo into a fully developed plant occurred after 60 weeks of culture. Somatic embryogenesis occurs exclusively on MS medium enhanced with 1 mg/L BAP. The optimal medium for somatic embryo production was the MS modification supplemented with 1 mg/L BAP for MKL 8, while the MS modification enriched with 1 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L TDZ was employed for MKL 10. Both clones produce somatic embryos through the indirect embryogenesis pathway, except for MKL10, which generates somatic embryos through both direct and indirect paths.

Keywords: Multiplication, Leaf disc, Auxin, Callogenesis, Indirect embryogenesis, Cytokinin